• Subsequently we decided to test whether the orexin pathway w

  2021-09-03

  

  Subsequently, we decided to test whether the orexin pathway was involved (Delhanty et al, 2012, Delhanty et al, 2013, Pei et al, 2014). Orexin neuronal systems are known to control limbic and neocortical structures (Bonnavion, de Lecea, 2010, Sakurai, 2007). Orexin receptors and possibly orexin synt

• br Materials and methods br Results br Discussion BTB as

  2021-09-03

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion BTB, as a necessary structure for the spermatogenic epithelium, provides an important internal environmental for spermatogenesis and its disruption leads to male infertility (Qiu et al., 2016). GJs and TJs which are mainly components of BTB play esse

• SB 225002 Activation of FXR or TGR inhibits

  2021-09-03

  

  Activation of FXR or TGR5 inhibits inflammatory response via repressing NF-κB activity [1]. FXR is not expressed or expressed at a very low level in macrophages [45] (data not shown), but highly expressed in hepatocytes. In contrast, TGR5 is expressed in macrophages but not in hepatocytes. Our data

• br General features of FGFRs and inhibitors br Conclusion

  2021-09-03

  

  General features of FGFRs and inhibitors Conclusion Given the critical role of FGFRs in the progression of tumors, the co-crystal structures of these kinases in complex with inhibitors are determined in order to clarify the mechanism of actions and explore new efficient inhibitors. This manusc

• In the FARM motifs of GGPPSs hydrophobic amino

  2021-09-03

  

  In the FARM motifs of GGPPSs, hydrophobic Conessine are replaced by aliphatic amino acids, which are more flexible residues and allow the entrance of longer substrates into the pocket (Wang and Ohnuma, 2000). It has been reported that the lepidopteran Manduca sexta CA possesses GGPP synthase (GGPPS

• In cardiomyocytes mechanical stress builds up via FAs

  2021-09-03

  

  In cardiomyocytes mechanical stress builds up via FAs and the related costamere structures, and excessive stress can cause cardiac hypertrophy. Cardoso et al. (2016) report a comprehensive study that demonstrates the link between stress-induced FAK activation and a FAK-mediated initiation of a trans

• Another level of complexity within the

  2021-09-03

  

  Another level of complexity within the TGF-ß/SMAD and Hippo/YAP/TAZ pathway crosstalks was recently uncovered. TGF-ß induces robust TAZ, but not YAP, protein expression in both mesenchymal and epithelial 1027 through a SMAD3-independent, p38/MAPK-dependent mechanism that triggers myocardin-related

• We acknowledge some important limitations to the study Given

  2021-09-03

  

  We acknowledge some important limitations to the study. Given that SEER is a national database of abstracted clinical information, there is selection bias as to which patients underwent RS testing. As clinicians are selecting which patients to test, the RS distributions may not reflect the true dist

• Among the HER mutations reported in this study the JMD

  2021-09-03

  

  Among the HER2 mutations reported in this study, the JMD mutant R678Q is the third most recurrent HER2 mutation. Basic residues (such as arginine) play an important role in anchoring TMD helices of single transmembrane proteins to the bilayer (Gleason et al., 2013, Hristova and Wimley, 2011, Kim et 

• Different SVR rates have been observed when comparing

  2021-09-03

  

  Different SVR rates have been observed when comparing GT 1a- and 1b-infected patients receiving BOC or TLP therapy. The response rates in patients infected with GT 1b have generally been more favourable than in those with GT 1a [26]. In our study, persistence mutations were only observed in HCV GT 1

• We have previously reported on

  2021-09-03

  

  We have previously reported on the effects of replacing the isoquinoline P2∗ moiety with a naphthalene ring and modifying the connectivity for this element to the P2 proline ring, as demonstrated by compounds – (). Therein, it was hypothesized that the reduced potency observed with – when compared t

• tbtu Mathematical models play an important role in understan

  2021-09-03

  

  Mathematical models play an important role in understanding and predicting the dynamic process of HBV infection. In the 1990s, Nowak et al. proposed a basic model to analyze the effect of antiviral treatment on reducing viral loads (Nowak et al., 1996). Since then, many different mathematical models

• Renal disease is characterized by

  2021-09-03

  

  Renal disease is characterized by aberrant fibrotic remodeling of renal tissue, elevated apoptosis in kidney tissue, and eventual organ failure. In addition, patients with renal disease are more likely to suffer from systemic hypertension due to oxidative damage (reviewed in Ref. [18]). Treatment of

• br Discussion Regulation of redox

  2021-09-03

  

  Discussion Regulation of redox homeostasis is critical in the maintenance of normal cell functions, and both glutathione S-transferase and peroxiredoxin enzymes are important contributors to this process. There are numerous reports of aberrant expression patterns of GSTP linked with cancer and wi

• In conclusion we provided the first

  2021-09-02

  

  In conclusion, we provided the first evidence of a modification and regulation of GCK by O-GlcNAc modification that until now was not explored. This discovery provides important clues in the prevention of hyperglycemia and development of novel therapeutic drugs to treat type 2 diabetes. Acknowled

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